Submissions

Author Guidelines

Journal of orthopaedic business is published quarterly. Please consider enrolling as a reviewer.

Please ensure your submission contains the following

Title: please ensure the title is succint, engages the reader, and explains the main finding of the article, rather than the methods.

1) Blinded Title Page. Include on the title page (a) complete manuscript title; (b) authors' full names, highest academic degrees, and affiliations; (c) name and address for correspondence, including fax number, telephone number, and e-mail address; (d) disclosure of funding; (e) any other acknowledgment the authors wish to include. The Journal is not responsible for published misspelled names due to author error. 

2) Blinded Manuscript File should include the following:

Structured Abstract. (no more than 250 words).

Objectives (the exact question addressed by the article), Design (Retrospective Economic Review, randomized, prospective, database etc.), Setting (the location and level of clinical care: inpatient, outpatient etc or the database used), Patients/Participants (the manner of selection and number of participants who enter and complete the study, or the patient characheristics of the database used), Intervention (the exact treatment used), Main Outcome Measurements (the primary study measure as planned before data collection began), Results, and Conclusions, and Level of Evidence (see below).

Manuscript Text. Organize the manuscript into four main headings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion.

Methods: Statistical methods need not be stated unless they deviate from standard procedures. 

Results: need not be written out if better expressed in a table.

Define abbreviations at first mention in text and in each table and figure. If a brand name is cited, supply the manufacturer's name and address (city and state/country).

Abbreviations. For a list of standard abbreviations, consult the Council of Biology Editors Style Guide (available from the Council of Science Editors, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) or other standard sources. Write out the full term for each abbreviation at its first use unless it is a standard unit of measure.

Levels of Evidence. Authors are required to assign a level of evidence based on their study's primary research question. This must be included in the structured abstract following the Key Words.

While we require authors to provide an initial Level of Evidence grade for their submissions, the final Level of Evidence grade for accepted papers will be determined and assigned by the Journal's Level of Evidence Section Editors.

References

• References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text.
• If there are more than three authors, name the first three authors and then use et al.
• Papers denoted "in press" (accepted for publication) should appear in the references.
• Items presented at a meeting, but not yet published can be included in the reference list, rather than being set as in-text citations. 
• Refer to the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus for abbreviations of journal names, or access the list at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html.
• Ensure that references are formatted.

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references.

3) Tables and Figures

Tables. Create tables using the table formatting and editing feature of your word processing software. Do not use Excel or comparable spreadsheet programs. Tables should be self-explanatory and should supplement, rather than duplicate, the material in the text.

• Tables are text-only items. Do not embed images within the table file.
• Each table file should include the table title, appropriate column heads, and any legends.
• Save each table in a separate word processing document file and upload individually.
• Do not embed tables within the manuscript file.
• Tables should not exceed page width of 41 picas or 17.5 cm.
• Tables are numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) when there is more than one. Do not use Roman numerals.
• Cite tables consecutively in the manuscript, and number them in the order in which they are discussed.
• Abbreviations are not permitted in table titles. Any abbreviation(s) used in the body of the table, including dashes, must be defined in a footnote to the table, listed in reading order.
• Many tables include information from other articles and series of patients. In these tables, include the name of the first author of the previous series, and include the reference number and year alongside the author's name. Each series mentioned in a table must be listed in the Reference section.
• For further information on table formatting, please see the AMA Manual of Style.

Figures. There is no charge to authors for color printing. Authors are strongly encouraged to submit all figures in color, when appropriate.

The Journal is not responsible for the quality of images; it is the responsibility of the authors to submit publication-quality, high-resolution images. If you have questions, consult a graphics specialist. The term “Figures” refers to both photographic and computer-generated graphs and charts.

Formatting Specifications

• File formats appropriate for figures: TIFF, EPS, or PPT files.
• Electronic photographs, radiographs, CT scans, and scanned images must have a resolution of at least 300 dpi (dots per inch) at the printed size.Line art (purely black and white figures with no shades of gray) must have a resolution of at least 1200 dpi at the printed size. Figures that do not meet the resolution requirement will be returned if necessary.
• Digital art files should be cropped to remove non-printing borders(such as unnecessary white or black space around an image) and should not include embedded “legend” text, figure titles, or figure numbers.
• Composite figures must be submitted as separate panels (without embedded labels) combined in PowerPoint and labeled with uppercase letters using Arial/Helvetica bold font. The legend should be included in the PowerPoint file.

Artwork generated from office suite programs such as CorelDRAW, MS Word, and artwork downloaded from the Internet (low resolution JPEG or GIF files) cannot be used.

Submitting

• Attach a separate file for each individual art submission.
• Do not embed figures in the manuscript file.
• Label figures 
• Cite figures consecutively in the manuscript, and number them in the order in which they are discussed.
• Ensure the file format is either TIFF, EPS, or PPT files, and the resolution is at least 300 dpi at the printed size.

Figure Legends

• Legends for all figures should be brief and specific, and should appear at the end of the manuscript document, following the list of references. Legends should indicate the figure number and must be numbered correctly.
• All symbols or abbreviations appearing in an illustration must be defined in the legend; arrows appearing in a figure should be mentioned in the legend.
• Legends for composite figures should be formatted as a single legend containing necessary information about each part/panel (not separated).
• Credit for any previously published illustration must be given in the corresponding legend, and must appear in the style stipulated by the original copyright holder.
• For further information on figure legend formatting, please see the AMA Manual of Style.

Artificial Intelligence Policy

Scope

• An AI tool is software that uses machine learning, large language models, or generative or diffusion models to generate, transform, summarize, translate, classify, or analyze content. Examples include ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot, Grok, grammar or style tools with generative features, AI image enhancement, and AI coding assistants used for analysis.
• This policy does not cover conventional statistical software (SPSS, SAS, Stata, R, or Python with standard libraries), reference managers, ordinary spell checkers, or standard plagiarism detection when used without generative or machine-learning features. When in doubt, disclose.

Authors

• AI tools cannot be authors.
• Disclose all AI use in Methods and/or Acknowledgments. Name the tool, version, manufacturer, and purpose. This includes literature searches or summaries; data preparation, analysis, or interpretation; figure, table, or image generation; manuscript drafting; reference generation, formatting, or management; assembling submission materials; drafting responses to reviewers; and any other use. Update the disclosure when additional AI tools are used during revision.
• Do not use AI to generate, alter, add, remove, or selectively modify research data, radiographs, clinical images, histology, or other scientific figures. AI-generated images must not be presented as primary data or representative cases. Routine, uniform brightness, contrast, or noise-reduction adjustments are allowed if they do not change scientific content. Describe image processing used in algorithm training or validation studies.
• Verify every AI-generated table or graphic and clearly label it as AI-generated. Labeling does not permit otherwise prohibited data or image manipulation.
• Authors remain fully responsible for all AI-assisted content, including errors, fabrications, and fictitious references, regardless of origin.
• Failure to disclose AI use, use that violates this policy, or submission of unverified or fabricated AI content, including fictitious references, false data, or manipulated images, is grounds for rejection without external review. Manuscripts that substantially rely on AI output without human oversight or scientific rigor may be rejected at any stage. Repeat violations may result in a bar on future submissions.

Reviewers

• AI may help improve clarity and grammar in your own review, subject to the confidentiality rule above. Disclose this use to the editor when submitting the review.
• Immediately notify the handling editor of suspected inappropriate, inaccurate, or undisclosed AI use in a manuscript, and record the concern in comments to the editor.

Editors and Staff

• Editors must ensure that disclosed AI use complies with this policy. Editorial AI use—including language editing, screening, reference checking, reviewer identification, integrity checks, and administrative tasks—must use journal-approved tools under human oversight. AI does not make editorial decisions.
• Refer concerns about undisclosed AI use to the Editor-in-Chief. Responses may include pausing review, requesting clarification, or withdrawing the manuscript.